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\n
\"\"
\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e94\u5e74\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5927\u6703<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\u52fe\u52d2\u806f\u5408\u570b\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u8d77\u8349\u806f\u5408\u570b\u61b2\u7ae0\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u4e8c\u6230\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u8207\u5016\u5b58\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4ea6\u89aa\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u7d0d\u7cb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u71df\u4e2d\u6158\u7d55\u4eba\u5bf0\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u666e\u904d\u76f8\u4fe1\u61c9\u8a72\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5d84\u65b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e14\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u570b\u806f\u66f4\u5bcc\u6d3b\u529b\u3001\u8fa6\u4e8b\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7d44\u7e54\u7dad\u6301\u5b83\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u806f\u5408\u570b\u662f\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u548c\u675c\u9b6f\u9580\u5169\u4f4d\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u7de0\u9020\u7684\u5be7\u99a8\u5152\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u8eab\u5f8c\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u300c\u5916\u4ea4\u8ce2\u54f2\u300d\uff08\u201cThe Wise Men\u201d\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u840a\u5862\u7cfb\u5217\u96fb\u5f71\u300c\u5fa9\u4ec7\u8005\u806f\u76df\u300d\u4e2d\u64c1\u6709\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u62ef\u6551\u8005\uff0c\u537b\u7528\u667a\u6167\u3001\u5b78\u8b58\u548c\u52c7\u6c23\u5927\u81bd\u5730\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u300c\u7f8e\u570b\u4e16\u7d00\u300d\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u300c\u7f8e\u5229\u5805\u548c\u5e73\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\uff1a\u54c8\u91cc\u66fc\uff08W. Averell Harriman\uff09\uff0c\u5bcc\u53ef\u6575\u570b\u7684\u300c\u9435\u8def\u5927\u738b\u300d\uff0c\u537b\u6295\u8eab\u516c\u8077\uff0c\u5148\u5f8c\u64d4\u4efb\u99d0\u8607\u806f\u5927\u4f7f\u3001\u526f\u570b\u52d9\u537f\u548c\u570b\u9632\u90e8\u9577\uff1b\u827e\u5947\u905c\uff08Dean Acheson\uff09\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u570b\u52d9\u537f\uff0c\u5c0d\u675c\u9b6f\u9580\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u5927\u65bc\u675c\u9b6f\u9580\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0d\u99ac\u6b47\u723e\u8a08\u756b\uff08Marshall Plan\uff09\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u8d85\u904e\u99ac\u6b47\u723e\uff08George C. Marshall\uff09\u672c\u4eba\uff1b\u9ea5\u514b\u6d1b\u4f0a\uff08John J. McCloy\uff09\u548c\u7f85\u5a01\u7279\uff08Robert A. Lovett\uff09\uff0c\u5169\u4eba\u5728\u6230\u6642\u64d4\u4efb\u4f5c\u6230\u90e8\u9577\u53f2\u6c40\u751f\u7684\u526f\u624b\uff0c\u6230\u5f8c\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u754c\u3001\u9280\u884c\u754c\u548c\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u9818\u57df\u5927\u5c55\u8eab\u624b\uff1b\u6ce2\u502b\uff08Charles E. Bohlen\uff09\uff0c\u99d0\u8607\u806f\u548c\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u8a02\u8005\uff1b\u55ac\u6cbb\u00b7\u80af\u6960\uff08George F. Kennan\uff09\uff0c\u667a\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u667a\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u9060\u898b\u5353\u8b58\u88ab\u8b7d\u70ba\u300c\u51b7\u6230\u4e4b\u7236\u300d\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u5011\u5927\u90fd\u7562\u696d\u65bc\u5e38\u6625\u85e4\u540d\u6821\uff0c\u904a\u8d70\u65bc\u653f\u5546\u6cd5\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u9060\u96e2\u5927\u773e\u8f3f\u8ad6\uff0c\u50b2\u6162\u5730\u907f\u958b\u570b\u6703\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u79c9\u6301\u570b\u969b\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u6eff\u61f7\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u897f\u6b50\u5fa9\u8208\uff1b\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5949\u884c\u570d\u5835\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u5927\u529b\u904f\u5236\u8607\u806f\u7684\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u634d\u885b\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u69ae\u8b7d\u8207\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7f8e\u570b\u6c92\u6709\u8cb4\u65cf\uff0c\u537b\u6709\u9019\u7fa4\u5145\u6eff\u8cb4\u65cf\u98a8\u7bc4\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u300c\u5916\u4ea4\u8ce2\u54f2\u300d\u5011\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u9858\u666f\uff0c\u52c7\u6562\u9762\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u8271\u56f0\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff1a<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u904e\u7336\u4e0d\u53ca\u3002\u300c\u5916\u4ea4\u8ce2\u54f2\u300d\u5011\u7684\u907a\u7522\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u6709\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u9019\u8ddf\u4ed6\u5011\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u4eba\u3001\u9032\u6b65\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u4e8c\u6230\uff0c\u4ecd\u5c0d\u4eba\u6027\u62b1\u6709\u904e\u65bc\u6a02\u89c0\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u5e7d\u6697\u610f\u8b58\u300d\u8a8d\u8b58\u592a\u5c11\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5728\u51b7\u6230\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u570b\u6709\u5169\u6b21\u652f\u6301\u5b89\u7406\u6703\u6c7a\u8b70\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\uff0c\u5373\u671d\u9bae\u6230\u722d\u548c\u6c99\u6f20\u98a8\u66b4\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u9019\u5169\u6b21\u884c\u52d5\u90fd\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u5c07\u8ecd\u6307\u63ee\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6230\u9b25\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u8ecd\u968a\u5be6\u65bd\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6c99\u6f20\u98a8\u66b4\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u6642\u4efb\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u52d9\u537f\u7684\u8c9d\u514b\uff08James Addison Baker III\uff09\u8a55\u8ad6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u518d\u6b21\u7d66\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u5927\u6a5f\u9047\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u806f\u5408\u570b\u53ca\u5176\u5275\u5efa\u8005\u6240\u61a7\u61ac\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5011\u5805\u6c7a\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u8b93\u806f\u5408\u570b\u91cd\u8e48\u570b\u806f\u7684\u8986\u8f4d\u3002\u300d\u4f46\u6b64\u8a55\u8ad6\u904e\u65bc\u6a02\u89c0\u4e86\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f8c\u51b7\u6230\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u570b\u7684\u65b0\u4f7f\u547d\u662f\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u7dad\u548c\u884c\u52d5\u300d\u7684\u300c\u4e2d\u8f49\u7ad9\u300d\u3002[7]<\/sup><\/a>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u570b\u7684\u300c\u7dad\u548c\u884c\u52d5\u300d\u537b\u5c62\u5c62\u5931\u6557\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5728\u7d22\u99ac\u91cc\u7684\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u5efa\u69cb\u300d\u906d\u9047\u632b\u6557\u3002\u806f\u5408\u570b\u65e2\u7121\u6cd5\u61c9\u5c0d\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u3001\u5168\u526f\u6b66\u88dd\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u6c11\u5175\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u529b\u963b\u6b62\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u983b\u767c\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u806f\u5408\u570b\u7dad\u548c\u90e8\u968a\u906d\u5230\u653b\u64ca\uff09\u3001\u9951\u8352\u8513\u5ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6551\u63f4\u53d7\u963b\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u806f\u5408\u570b\u7dad\u548c\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u91cd\u5927\u632b\u6557\u662f\u5728\u76e7\u5b89\u9054\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e09\u5e74\u79cb\uff0c\u5169\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u4eba\u7684\u806f\u5408\u570b\u76e7\u5b89\u9054\u63f4\u52a9\u5718\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u7576\u5730\uff0c\u76e3\u7763\u8a72\u570b\u5167\u6230\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u505c\u706b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u80e1\u5716\u65cf\u6fc0\u9032\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u773c\u76ae\u5e95\u4e0b\u5c0d\u5716\u897f\u65cf\u767c\u8d77\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u56db\u5e74\u6625\u590f\u4e4b\u4ea4\u7684\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u6bba\u622e\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u516b\u5341\u842c\u5230\u4e00\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u906d\u5230\u5c60\u6bba\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u6b98\u9177\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d85\u904e\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5c0d\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u6b21\u884c\u52d5\u5b58\u5728\u5169\u5927\u91cd\u5927\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a\u5728\u5168\u9762\u90e8\u7f72\u7dad\u548c\u90e8\u968a\u6642\uff0c\u6975\u76e1\u62d6\u6c93\u4e4b\u80fd\u4e8b\uff1b\u5728\u4fdd\u8b77\u5e73\u6c11\u4e0a\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7d66\u63f4\u52a9\u5718\u52d5\u6b66\u7684\u660e\u78ba\u6388\u6b0a\u3002\u7dad\u548c\u90e8\u968a\u4e2d\u7684\u5341\u540d\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u58eb\u5175\u906d\u5230\u6bba\u5bb3\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u51fa\u5175\u570b\u5bb6\u96a8\u5373\u64a4\u51fa\u90e8\u968a\u3002\u63f4\u52a9\u5718\u7684\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e2d\u5c07\u9054\u840a\u723e\uff08Joseph Rom\u00e9o Dallaire\uff09\u7dca\u6025\u547c\u53eb\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u7d10\u7d04\u7e3d\u90e8\u5426\u6c7a\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4efb\u52d9\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u9054\u840a\u723e\u5c07\u8ecd\u7cbe\u795e\u5d29\u6f70\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u9019\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u843d\u5dee\u3002\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u8005\u9ad8\u4f5b\u745e\u00b7\u54c8\u5409\u905c\uff08Godfrey John Hodgson\uff09\u5728\u8a55\u8ad6\u300c\u5916\u4ea4\u8ce2\u4eba\u300d\u5011\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8ca2\u737b\u6642\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9858\u610f\u4ee3\u8868\u7f8e\u570b\u63d0\u51fa\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8996\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u89d2\u8272\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u5929\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u61f7\u62b1\u8457\u67d0\u7a2e\u71b1\u60c5\u64d4\u8ca0\u8d77\u4e16\u754c\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8cac\u4efb\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u9805\u56b4\u5cfb\u537b\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u662f\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u6e05\u6559\u5e7e\u4e4e\u88ab\u4eba\u6240\u907a\u5fd8\u7684\u907a\u7522\u3002\u300d\u9019\u500b\u8a55\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u300c\u5916\u4ea4\u8ce2\u4eba\u300d\u53ca\u7f8e\u570b\u83c1\u82f1\u6c7a\u7b56\u5708\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u72c0\u6cc1\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u5011\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u5df2\u7136\u55aa\u5931\u4e86\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u7684\u6e05\u6559\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5f9e\u9032\u6b65\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5efa\u69cb\u300c\u7f8e\u5229\u5805\u79e9\u5e8f\u300d\u7684\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u806f\u90a6\u300d\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u70d9\u5370\u3002\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6e6f\u56e0\u6bd4\uff08Arnold Joseph Toynbee\uff09\u4e3b\u5f35\u82f1\u7f8e\u5169\u570b\u806f\u624b\uff0c\u8b93\u8b66\u529b\u904d\u53ca\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u5176\u521d\u8877\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u67d0\u7a2e\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u76ce\u683c\u9b6f-\u7f8e\u5229\u5805\u4e16\u754c\u806f\u90a6\u300d\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c\u6642\u4efb\u82f1\u570b\u99d0\u7f8e\u5927\u4f7f\u7684\u6d1b\u932b\u5b89\u52db\u7235\uff08Lord Lothian\uff09\u628a\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u570b\u8996\u70ba\u5efa\u7acb\u4e16\u754c\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u90b1\u5409\u723e\u4e00\u5ea6\u5c0d\u6b64\u7be4\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7591\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u3007\u5e74\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u53c3\u6230\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u300c\u7f8e\u6d32\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u806f\u6703\u300d\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u300c\u6b63\u7fa9\u548c\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u300d\u7684\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u3002\u8a72\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u767c\u8868\u4e00\u4efd\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u9673\u8ff0\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u9019\u4efd\u8072\u660e\u7684\u8d77\u8349\u8005\u662f\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\u3001\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u653f\u5e9c\u64d4\u4efb\u570b\u52d9\u537f\u7684\u675c\u52d2\u65af\uff08John Foster Dulles\uff09\u3002\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u662f\u5805\u6c7a\u53cd\u5171\u7684\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u8ddf\u5949\u884c\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\u7684\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f5c\u9b25\u722d\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u64d4\u4efb\u7684\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u6703\u8b70\u7f8e\u570b\u4ee3\u8868\u5718\u9867\u554f\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8ce6\u4e88\u806f\u5408\u570b\u4ee5\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u529b\u91cf\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u52aa\u529b\u672a\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u2014\u2014\u4e8c\u6230\u672b\u671f\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\uff08\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff09\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5230\u7406\u6027\uff08\u4e16\u4fd7\uff09\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8f49\u5411\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u6f6e\u9ad4\u73fe\u5728\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5efa\u7acb\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u300a\u806f\u5408\u570b\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6b0a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u7684\u300c\u53bb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5316\u300d\u3002\u9019\u5169\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4f01\u5716\u5bb9\u7d0d\u66f4\u591a\u5143\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u89c0\u5ff5\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u50b3\u7d71\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u8207\u6703\u7684\u5f35\u5f6d\u6625\u70ba\u4e4b\u6ce8\u5165\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5f35\u5f6d\u6625\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c46\u6e05\u83ef\u300c\u5e9a\u6b3e\u300d\u7559\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u8ddf\u80e1\u9069\u4e00\u8d77\u8d74\u7f8e\u7559\u5b78\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u5bb6\u548c\u6232\u5287\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u7576\u6642\u806f\u5408\u570b\u4eba\u6b0a\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5169\u540d\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e9e\u6d32\u570b\u5bb6\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u529b\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u8868\u9054\u8005\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5f35\u5f6d\u6625\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6b0a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300c\u61c9\u8a72\u65e2\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6e6f\u746a\u65af\u00b7\u963f\u594e\u90a3\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c07\u4e2d\u570b\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u878d\u5165\u5230\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6b0a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u300a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\u4e2d\u5373\u660e\u78ba\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u4eba\u751f\u800c\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5728\u5c0a\u56b4\u548c\u6b0a\u5229\u4e0a\u4e00\u5f8b\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8ce6\u6709\u7406\u6027\u548c\u826f\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e26\u61c9\u4ee5\u5144\u5f1f\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u76f8\u5c0d\u5f85\u300d\uff08All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c<\/a>\u826f\u5fc3\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u5f35\u5f6d\u6625\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u662f\u878d\u5165\u5112\u5bb6\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7684\u5178\u578b\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u4ed6\u9084\u5efa\u8b70\u8d77\u8349\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u6210\u54e1\u82b1\u4e0a\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u6642\u9593\u4f86\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u9019\u662f\u7de3\u6728\u6c42\u9b5a\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u548c\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u5f9e\u672a\u6709\u904e\u4eba\u6b0a\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u6b0a\uff08\u9664\u975e\u662f\u300c\u6709\u4e2d\u570b\u7279\u8272\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u5403\u98ef\u6b0a\u300d\u6216\u300c\u8c6c\u6b0a\u300d\uff09\u3002\u5c31\u9023\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89e3\u91cb\u897f\u65b9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u4e4b\u8207\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7522\u751f\u4ea4\u96c6\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u72c4\u767e\u745e\uff08Wm. Theodore de Bary\uff09\u4e5f\u627f\u8a8d\uff1a\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u81ea\u7531\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u6240\u8b02\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5236\u5ea6\u67b6\u69cb\u548c\u5236\u8861\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/mark>[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53bb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5316\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u806f\u90a6\u3001\u5168\u7403\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u5bb6\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u55ce\uff1f\u5373\u4fbf\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u80fd\u559a\u8d77\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u611f\u8207\u4fe1\u8cf4\u611f\u55ce\uff1f\u7f8e\u570b\u5de6\u6d3e\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u300d\u7684\u6c11\u9593\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u4eba\u985e\u5efa\u7acb\u6700\u7d42\u7531\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6c11\u9078\u8209\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8ca0\u64d4\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u6240\u9700\u7d93\u8cbb\u7684\u570b\u969b\u7a05\u6536\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8ce6\u4e88\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u5ead\u4ee5\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u57f9\u990a\u9069\u5408\u9019\u4e9b\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u502b\u7406\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8a72\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u547c\u7c72\u52aa\u529b\u300c\u57f9\u990a\u5168\u7403\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u666e\u4e16\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u300d\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u5de6\u7ffc\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u746a\u838e\u00b7\u52aa\u65af\u9b91\u59c6\uff08Martha Nussbaum\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8d\u540c\u300c\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u300d\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u61c9\u7576\u4ee5\u57f9\u990a\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u300d\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u6559\u7d66\u5b78\u751f\u300c\u5c0d\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u985e\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5fe0\u8aa0\u300d\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b64\u985e\u6bd4\u806f\u5408\u570b\u66f4\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u5de6\u6d3e\u898f\u5283\u4e43\u662f\u756b\u9905\u5145\u9951\u3001\u671b\u6885\u6b62\u6e34\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u9081\u514b\u723e\u00b7\u6851\u5fb7\u723e\uff08Michael J. Sandel\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u502b\u7406\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7f3a\u9677\u8207\u5b83\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7f3a\u9677\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8ddf\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u7f8e\u570b\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5be6\u8e10\u4f86\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u65e5\u76ca\u53d7\u5230\u4fb5\u8755\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4eba\u5011\u901a\u904e\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u5f80\u4e0a\u63a8\u5c31\u80fd\u6062\u5fa9\u81ea\u6cbb\u3002\u4f46\u6851\u5fb7\u723e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u6062\u5fa9\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5b89\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u5730\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65bc\u5206\u6563\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3002\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u6700\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5718\u7d50\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u5fa9\u5408\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u6bd4\u6c11\u65cf\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6bd4\u6c11\u65cf\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5206\u6563\u65bc\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u300d<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u5f9e\u4e00\u5efa\u570b\u8d77\u5c31\u5c0d\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u6df1\u61f7\u8b66\u60d5\u3002\u5f9e\u9032\u6b65\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6642\u4ee3\u5230\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u65b0\u653f\u518d\u5230\u8a79\u68ee\u7684\u300c\u5049\u5927\u793e\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u65b7\u64f4\u6b0a\uff0c\u4f46\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6c11\u60c5\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0d\u65b7\u53cd\u5f48\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5de6\u6d3e\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u5316\u7684\u8a08\u756b\u53ea\u53d6\u5f97\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5de6\u6d3e\u52aa\u529b\u53bb\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5168\u570b\u6027\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u537b\u672a\u80fd\u57f9\u990a\u4e00\u7a2e\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8d\u540c\u3002\u6851\u5fb7\u723e\u8ffd\u554f\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c\u6c11\u65cf\uff08\u570b\u5bb6\uff09\u4e0d\u80fd\u559a\u8d77\u4e00\u7a2e\u6bd4\u6700\u4f4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5171\u6027\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5168\u7403\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u5c07\u806f\u90a6\u6b0a\u529b\u6b78\u9084\u7d66\u5404\u5dde\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u6240\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u806f\u90a6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u61b2\u653f\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5728\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5206\u6563\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u5f62\u6210\u65bc\u591a\u91cd\u516c\u6c11\u53c3\u8207\u5834\u6240\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u6cbb\u904b\u8f49\u5f97\u6700\u597d\u3002\u806f\u90a6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u628a\u6258\u514b\u7dad\u723e\u7684\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u76e7\u68ad\u7684\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5206\u5225\u958b\u4f86\u7684\u5340\u5206\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5851\u9020\u6027\u8a08\u756b\u5f9e\u6ed1\u5165\u5f37\u5236\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u4e2d\u633d\u6551\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/mark><\/strong>[13]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u9053\u8def\u8207\u806f\u5408\u570b\u7684\u9053\u8def\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u5357\u8f45\u5317\u8f4d\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u662f\u6258\u514b\u7dad\u723e\u5f0f\u7684\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u662f\u76e7\u68ad\u5f0f\u7684\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1b\u7f8e\u570b\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u662f\u570b\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u65bd\u7279\u52de\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5011\u5c0d\u806f\u5408\u570b\u7b49\u570b\u969b\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u6df1\u6df1\u61f7\u7591\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u300c\u9019\u4e9b\u6a5f\u69cb\u8981\u9ebc\u662f\u901a\u5411\u4eba\u985e\u666e\u904d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u968e\u68af\uff0c\u8981\u9ebc\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u516c\u6b63\u548c\u5be6\u529b\u55aa\u5931\u4e86\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u611a\u8822\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\u3002\u300d<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u672a\u5b8c\u5f85\u7e8c\uff09<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> \u7dad\u514b\u591a\u00b7\u585e\u5df4\u65af\u8482\u5b89\uff08Victor Sebestyen\uff09\uff1a\u300a1946\uff1a\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u300b\uff0c\uff08\u592a\u539f\uff09\u5c71\u897f\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2015\u5e74\uff0c\u980112-13\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> \u4f0a\u6069\u00b7\u514b\u8096\uff1a\u300a\u5730\u7344\u4e4b\u884c\uff1a1914-1949\u300b\uff0c\u9801544\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> \u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u52de\u8d6b\u5a01\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u856d\u689d\u8207\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u65b0\u653f\u300b\uff0c\u9801132\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> \u4f0a\u6069\u00b7\u5e03\u9b6f\u746a\uff08Ian Buruma\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u96f6\u5e74\uff1a\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e94\u300b\uff0c\uff08\u6842\u6797\uff09\u5ee3\u897f\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2015\u5e74\uff0c\u9801318\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> \u83ef\u7279\u00b7\u827e\u85a9\u514b\u68ee\uff08Walter Isaacson\uff09\u3001\u827e\u6587\u00b7\u6e6f\u746a\u65af\uff08Evan Thomas\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u7de0\u9020\u8005\u300b\uff0c\uff08\u53f0\u5317\uff09\u5ee3\u5834\u51fa\u7248\uff0c2015\u5e74\uff0c\u9801722\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> \u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7R.\u79d1\u52d2\uff1a<\u806f\u5408\u570b\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u5408\u4f5c\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5b88\u8b77\u8005>\uff0c\u898b\u6c83\u4f0a\u5207\u514b\u00b7\u99ac\u65af\u7279\u5c3c\u3001\u6731\u7acb\u7fa4\u4e3b\u7de8\uff1a\u300a\u51b7\u6230\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u907a\u7522\uff1a\u5c0d\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u5408\u4f5c\u8207\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u900f\u8996\u300b\uff0c\u980193\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> \u300c\u7dad\u548c\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u7fa9\u542b\u7cca\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u570b\u79d8\u66f8\u9577\u54c8\u99ac\u820d\u723e\u5fb7\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u7dad\u548c\u300d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b78\u5165\u9019\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u5275\u59cb\u6587\u737b\u7684\u300c\u516d\u9ede\u4e94\u7ae0\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u986f\u7136\u662f\u60f3\u8aaa\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u7b2c\u300a\u806f\u5408\u570b\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u4e03\u7ae0\u7684\u6388\u6b0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u8abf\u505c\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u6c7a\u570b\u969b\u722d\u7aef\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8ecd\u4e8b\u884c\u52d5\u64ca\u9000\u4fb5\u7565\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u7dad\u548c\u300d\u5247\u4ecb\u65bc\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> \u7dad\u548c\u90e8\u968a\u8ecd\u5b98\u5011\u5ba3\u7a31\uff0c\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9e\u585e\u65cf\u4eba\u529b\u91cf\u5f37\u5927\u3001\u610f\u5fd7\u5805\u6c7a\u3001\u88dd\u5099\u7cbe\u826f\uff0c\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\u60f9\u60f1\u4ed6\u5011\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e94\u5e74\u4e03\u6708\u5341\u4e00\u65e5\uff0c\u585e\u65cf\u608d\u5c07\u59c6\u62c9\u8fea\u5947\u7387\u8ecd\u9032\u5165\u806f\u5408\u570b\u300c\u5b89\u5168\u5340\u300d\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9e\u6771\u90e8\u57ce\u93ae\u65af\u96f7\u5e03\u96f7\u5c3c\u5bdf\u3002\u90a3\u88e1\u7684\u5b88\u8ecd\u662f\u4e00\u652f\u7dad\u548c\u90e8\u968a\u5206\u9063\u968a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u653e\u4e0b\u6b66\u5668\u96e2\u958b\uff0c\u6beb\u9aea\u7121\u640d\u5730\u56de\u5bb6\u3002\u59c6\u62c9\u8fea\u5947\u96a8\u5373\u5c60\u6bba\u4e86\u516b\u5343\u4eba\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ca\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u5167\u6230\u671f\u9593\u767c\u751f\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u6e05\u6d17\uff0c\u662f\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u6b50\u6d32\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6700\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u548c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u6230\u722d\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u8cbb\u5229\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u5409\u723e\u4f2f\u7279\uff08Felix Gilbert\uff09\u3001\u5927\u885b\u00b7\u514b\u840a\u00b7\u62c9\u5947\uff08David Clay Large\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u53f2\uff1a\u6b50\u6d32\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u7d42\u7d50\uff0c1890\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\u300b\uff08\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff09\u4e2d\u4fe1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2016\u5e74\uff0c\u9801764\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> \u73cd\u59ae\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u55ac\u51e1\u5c3c\uff08Janine Di Giovanni\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u90a3\u5929\u6e05\u6668\u4ed6\u5011\u4f86\u6572\u9580\u300b\uff0c\uff08\u53f0\u5317\uff09\u6642\u5831\u6587\u5316\uff0c2017\u5e74\uff0c\u980129-30\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> \u5e03\u9b6f\u65af\u00b7\u5361\u660e\u601d\uff1a\u300a\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e0a\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u9738\u6b0a\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u652f\u914d\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u300b\uff0c\u9801715-716\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> \u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u76e7\u5361\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff1a1945\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u300b\uff0c\u9801125-127\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> \u72c4\u767e\u745e\uff08William Theodore de Bary\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4e9e\u6d32\u50f9\u503c\u8207\u4eba\u6b0a\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u300b\uff0c\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff09\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u6587\u737b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2012\u5e74\uff0c\u9801150\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> \u9081\u514b\u723e\u00b7\u6851\u5fb7\u723e\uff08Michael J. Sandel\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u5c0b\u6c42\u4e00\u7a2e\u516c\u5171\u54f2\u5b78\u300b\uff0c\uff08\u5357\u4eac\uff09\u6c5f\u8607\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\u5e74\uff0c\u9801404\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u8cfc\u66f8\u93c8\u63a5\uff1a<\/mark><\/strong>https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/0010919953?sloc=main<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u6350\u6b3e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong>\uff08\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\u60a8\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u7535\u90ae\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u5bc4\u9001\u6536\u636e\uff09\uff1a
1\uff09Zelle: nacr2021@gmail.com
2\uff09PayPal: PayPal.me\/NAConservative1<\/a>
3\uff09\u652f\u7968\u62ac\u5934\uff1aNACR \u5730\u5740\uff1a1951 McConnor Blvd, #59169 Schaumburg\uff0cIL 60159<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u656c\u8bf7\u8ba2\u9605:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bc4\u8bba – YouTube<\/strong>\u65b0\u9891\u9053\u300b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCXD6cjPFfBLlQMlSJi6h_6g<\/a>
\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bc4\u8bba – Rumble<\/span><\/strong>\u9891\u9053<\/span>\u300b:<\/span><\/strong> https:\/\/rumble.com\/user\/NACR2021<\/a>
\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b<\/strong>\u7535\u62a5(Telegram)\u65f6\u8bc4\u6587\u7ae0\u9891\u9053\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/t.me\/NAconservative<\/a>
\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b<\/strong>\u7535\u62a5(Telegram)\u7ffb\u8bd1\u89c6\u9891\u9891\u9053\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/t.me\/VIDEOSBYNACR<\/a>
\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b<\/strong>\u7535\u62a5(Telegram)\u4ea4\u6d41\u7fa4\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/t.me\/+92XsKo9C-upmZTRh<\/a>
\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b<\/strong>\u63a8\u7279(Twitter)\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/naconservative9<\/a>
\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b<\/strong>\u8138 \u4e66(Facebook)\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/100052658047986<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5ddd\u666e\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u793e\u4ea4\uff08TruthSocial\uff09<\/span>\uff1ahttps:\/\/truthsocial.com\/@NACR<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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