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\u5ddd\u666e\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u4e00\u516d\u5e74\u52dd\u9078\u6642\uff0c\u300c\u760b\u4eba\u9662\u300d\u88e1\u9b3c\u54ed\u72fc\u568e\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73fe\u2014\u2014\u65e9\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u3007\u5e74\uff0c\u96f7\u6839\u64ca\u6557\u5361\u7279\u6642\uff0c\u8036\u9b6f\u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u5c31\u9677\u5165\u60b2\u615f\u6c23\u6c1b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6cd5\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u53d6\u6d88\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6388\u8ab2\uff0c\u8207\u5927\u5bb6\u8a0e\u8ad6\u570b\u5167\u653f\u5c40\u3002\u4e00\u540d\u6559\u6388\u8acb\u8ab2\u5802\u4e0a\u4e5d\u5341\u540d\u4e00\u5e74\u7d1a\u5b78\u751f\u4ee5\u8209\u624b\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u614b\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u6295\u7968\u7d66\u5361\u7279\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u6295\u7968\u7d66\u96f7\u6839\u3002\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u53f2\u8482\u6587\u00b7\u5361\u62c9\u5e03\u96f7\u897f\uff08Steve G. Calabresi\uff09\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u5b78\u751f\u6295\u7968\u7d66\u96f7\u6839\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6295\u7968\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u5404\u5927\u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5de6\u50be\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u6559\u6388\u548c\u5b78\u751f\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u90fd\u662f\u5de6\u6d3e\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6574\u500b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8077\u696d\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5df2\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5e74\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u8b8a\u5316\u2014\u2014\u6c83\u502b\uff08Earl Warren\uff09\u548c\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Warren Earl Burger\uff09\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5de6\u50be\u5224\u6c7a\uff0c\u6f38\u6f38\u6210\u70ba\u9ad8\u6821\u5167\u7684\u6b63\u7d71\u5b78\u8aaa\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u96a8\u8457\u5236\u61b2\u8005\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u901d\u53bb\u3001\u9041\u5165\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\uff1a\u5b83\u64c1\u6709\u95e1\u91cb\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7121\u4eba\u80fd\u8b93\u5236\u61b2\u8005\u5011\u8d77\u6b7b\u56de\u751f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8a62\u554f\u4ed6\u5011\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u610f\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u61b2\u653f\u570b\u5bb6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u89e3\u91cb\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u6a5f\u95dc\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u5b78\u8005\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u9ea5\u514b\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\uff08Robert G. Mccloskey\uff09\u5728\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u8ad6\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7531\u50cf\u570b\u6703\u548c\u7e3d\u7d71\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\u6a5f\u69cb\u4f86\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u70ba\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u548c\u61b2\u6cd5\u6240\u8c61\u5fb5\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u5176\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5176\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u8981\u6bd4\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u9084\u591a\u7684\u61b2\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5176\u51fa\u751f\u6b0a\u5b8c\u5168\u6349\u6478\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u5c0d\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u7684\u71b1\u5ff1\u8ce6\u4e88\u61b2\u6cd5\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u8072\u8b7d\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u8ce6\u4e88\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u9580\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u907f\u514d\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5141\u8a31\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u62ab\u4e0a\u795e\u8056\u7684\u8863\u7f3d\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5efa\u570b\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u672a\u53d7\u592a\u591a\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u5176\u8fa6\u516c\u5834\u6240\u88ab\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u570b\u6703\u5927\u5ec8\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u53ca\u4e00\u6a13\u7684\u504f\u50fb\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u90a3\u88e1\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e0d\u66a2\u3001\u7a7a\u9593\u72f9\u5c0f\uff0c\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5011\u7d93\u5e38\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5bb6\u8fa6\u516c\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e94\u5e74\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u6a13\u843d\u6210\uff0c\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5011\u9019\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u5802\u7687\u7684\u5b89\u8eab\u4e4b\u6240\u3002\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u5361\u65af\u00b7\u5409\u723e\u4f2f\u7279\uff08Cass Gilbert\uff09\u6a21\u4eff\u4e00\u5ea7\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u5edf\u7684\u6a23\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e86\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u6a13\uff0c\u9019\u68df\u5927\u6a13\u7684\u9577\u548c\u5bec\u90fd\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u8db3\u7403\u5834\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u68df\u914d\u5f97\u4e0a\u300c\u4e16\u4e0a\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u300d\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\uff0c\u300c\u53ea\u6709\u68b5\u8482\u5ca1\u5bae\u5ef7\u548c\u5df4\u9ece\u6b4c\u5287\u9662\u80fd\u8207\u4e4b\u5ab2\u7f8e\u300d\u3002\u5409\u723e\u4f2f\u7279\u901a\u904e\u9ad8\u5927\u7684\u67f1\u5eca\u548c\u6c23\u52e2\u6062\u5b8f\u7684\u53f0\u968e\u5bd3\u610f\u300c\u7f8e\u570b\u8e8d\u5411\u6b63\u7fa9\u570b\u5ea6\u7684\u8271\u96e3\u9577\u5f81\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8207\u5916\u9762\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u4e16\u754c\u5206\u5272\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u8ce6\u4e88\u5176\u795e\u8056\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u9077\u5165\u65b0\u5927\u5ec8\u6642\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u5165\u53e3\u8655\u5341\u516d\u6839\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u67ef\u6797\u65af\u5f0f\u5713\u67f1\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7565\u5e36\u8af7\u523a\u5730\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u5462\uff0c\u9a0e\u8457\u4e5d\u982d\u5927\u8c61\u9032\u53bb\u55ce\uff1f\u300d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4f11\u65af\uff08Charles Evans Hughes\uff09\u8a55\u8ad6\u8aaa\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5b8f\u5049\u7684\u5edf\u5b87\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u70ba\u796d\u53f8\u5011\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4e5f\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u737b\u4e0a\u4f9b\u5949\u3001\u63d0\u51fa\u8a34\u6c42\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u300d\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u9996\u6b21\u958b\u5ead\u6642\uff0c\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u7a7f\u8457\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9817\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6beb\u4e0d\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u6f22\u5bc6\u723e\u9813\u8d0a\u6210\u82f1\u570b\u5f0f\u7684\u5047\u9aee\u548c\u9577\u888d\uff0c\u5091\u6590\u905c\u5c0d\u9019\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u53cd\u5c0d\u3002\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u9996\u5c46\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5eab\u6b23\uff08William Cushing\uff09\u7a7f\u6234\u8457\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5047\u9aee\u548c\u9577\u888d\u53bb\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u8eab\u5f8c\u8ddf\u4e86\u4e00\u7fa4\u770b\u71b1\u9b27\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u6012\u4e4b\u4e0b\u56de\u5bb6\u53d6\u6389\u5047\u9aee\uff0c\u537b\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u9577\u888d\u3002\u5f9e\u6b64\uff0c\u9ed1\u7d05\u76f8\u9593\u7684\u9577\u888d\u6210\u70ba\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5011\u7684\u300c\u6a19\u914d\u300d\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u662f\u300c\u8eab\u7a7f\u9ed1\u888d\u7684\u795e\u7947\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u9059\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\uff0c\u5728\u5ba3\u544a\u5224\u6c7a\u6642\u63aa\u8fad\u838a\u91cd\u800c\u56b4\u8b39\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u516c\u773e\u9762\u524d\u6642\u6c38\u9060\u5e36\u8457\u51b7\u5cfb\u800c\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u8868\u60c5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u8b7d\u70ba\u300c\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u5316\u8eab\u300d\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u662f\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u73fe\u5be6\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u8056\u6bbf\uff0c\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5011\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u98df\u4eba\u9593\u7159\u706b\u7684\u795e\u4ed9\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u6372\u5165\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9b25\u722d\uff0c\u8eab\u70ba\u8a69\u4eba\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u970d\u59c6\u65af\uff08Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.\uff09\u7528\u8a69\u610f\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5f62\u5bb9\u8aaa\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u300c\u98a8\u66b4\u773c\u300d\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u5c07\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7576\u505a\u795e\u4f86\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u81fb\u65bc\u7121\u6b32\u5247\u525b\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u6210\u70ba\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8981\u9ebc\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad8\u5b98\u6216\u570b\u6703\u8b70\u54e1\uff0c\u8981\u9ebc\u662f\u5f8b\u5e2b\u3001\u6cd5\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u6216\u4e0b\u7d1a\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u5e38\u5e74\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5708\u4e2d\u6253\u6efe\uff0c\u672a\u5fc5\u6c92\u6709\u505a\u904e\u8667\u5fc3\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u6210\u70ba\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u3001\u6240\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u610f\u898b\u66f8\uff0c\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u548c\u516c\u773e\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u672a\u5fc5\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u6b63\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5011\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u884c\u653f\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u90e8\u9580\u6d78\u6deb\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u8001\u7df4\u653f\u5ba2\uff0c\u8eab\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u653f\u5ba2\u7684\u8edf\u808b\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53f2\u5bb6\u9b91\u52c3\u00b7\u4f0d\u5fb7\u6c83\u5fb7\uff08Bob Woodward\uff09\u3001\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u00b7\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u6717\uff08Scott Armstong\uff09\u5728\u300a\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u5011\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8981\u6848\u5be9\u7406\u7d00\u5be6\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u56db\u5341\u4e03\u4f4d\u806f\u90a6\u6cd5\u5b98\u9032\u5165\u5f48\u52be\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u5341\u56db\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u5be9\u5224\uff0c\u4e03\u4eba\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u8a79\u68ee\uff08Lyndon Baines Johnson\uff09\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u65b9\u7279\u65af\uff08Abraham Abe Fortas\uff09\u56e0\u6372\u5165\u53d7\u8cc4\u919c\u805e\u800c\u88ab\u8feb\u8fad\u8077\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u4ed6\u5c07\u9762\u81e8\u5f48\u52be\u2014\u2014\u6b64\u6848\u5982\u540c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7248\u7684\u6c34\u9580\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u537b\u9060\u6bd4\u6c34\u9580\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f4e\u3002\u65b9\u7279\u65af\u66fe\u662f\u57f7\u696d\u5f8b\u5e2b\u53ca\u8a79\u68ee\u7684\u5bc6\u53cb\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u8c50\u539a\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5962\u83ef\uff0c\u7576\u4e86\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e5d\u6210\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u60f3\u6539\u8b8a\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u4fbf\u53e6\u958b\u62d3\u8ca1\u6e90\u3002\u4ed6\u6536\u53d7\u4f86\u81ea\u5de5\u696d\u5de8\u5b50\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u6c83\u723e\u592b\u68ee\u7684\u5169\u842c\u7f8e\u5143\u8cc4\u8cc2\uff0c\u5141\u8afe\u5728\u8b49\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u8abf\u67e5\u4e2d\u7d66\u4e88\u5f8c\u8005\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u6c83\u723e\u592b\u68ee\u88ab\u8d77\u8a34\u4e26\u88ab\u5224\u6709\u7f6a\uff0c\u65b9\u7279\u65af\u7955\u5bc6\u5c07\u8d13\u6b3e\u9000\u9084\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7d19\u5305\u4e0d\u4f4f\u706b\uff0c\u300a\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u4ee5\u300a\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u65b9\u7279\u65af\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u502b\u7406\u554f\u984c\u300b\u70ba\u984c\u4f5c\u4e86\u9577\u7bc7\u5831\u9053\u3002\u65b9\u7279\u65af\u88ab\u8feb\u8fad\u8077\uff0c\u4ee5\u63db\u53d6\u5c07\u8150\u6557\u6848\u4ef6\u8b49\u64da\u5c01\u5b58\u3002\u300c\u8eab\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u65b0\u653f\u6642\u671f\u9032\u5165\u83ef\u5e9c\u7684\u8070\u660e\u4eba\uff0c\u65b9\u7279\u65af\u7acb\u4e0b\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u5f8c\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5f9e\u6c92\u60f3\u904e\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u5247\u6703\u5957\u7528\u5728\u4ed6\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u300d<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4efb\u8077\u6642\u9593\u6700\u9577\u7684\u5de6\u6d3e\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\uff08William Orville Douglas\uff09\u906d\u9047\u904e\u5169\u6b21\u5f48\u52be\uff1a\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u56e0\u70ba\u66ab\u505c\u5c0d\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u9593\u8adc\u7f85\u68ee\u5821\u592b\u5a66\u884c\u5211\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u5f48\u52be\u6307\u63a7\uff1b\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u3007\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u56e0\u70ba\u64d4\u4efb\u63d0\u5e15\u723e\u6587\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u9867\u554f\u3001\u6bcf\u5e74\u6536\u53d6\u4e00\u842c\u5169\u5343\u7f8e\u5143\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u5f48\u52be\u6307\u63a7\u3002\u6700\u7d42\u4ed6\u90fd\u5b89\u7136\u904e\u95dc\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6975\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u524d\u885b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8b93\u4eba\u5074\u76ee\u3002\u4ed6\u9817\u70ba\u8caa\u8ca1\uff0c\u5c0b\u8993\u5404\u7a2e\u7070\u8272\u6536\u5165\u3002\u773e\u8b70\u9662\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u9818\u8896\u5091\u62c9\u723e\u5fb7\u00b7\u798f\u7279\uff08Gerald Ford\uff09\u8b74\u8cac\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u7684\u773e\u591a\u975e\u53f8\u6cd5\u6027\u6536\u5165\u8207\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u640d\u5bb3\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u73b7\u6c61\u4e86\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u300d\u5176\u500b\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u4ea6\u8072\u8272\u72ac\u99ac\uff1a\u4ed6\u5148\u5f8c\u6709\u904e\u56db\u6b21\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u5f8c\u5169\u6b21\u5a5a\u59fb\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5e74\u8fd1\u4e03\u65ec\u6642\u767c\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5148\u5f8c\u5a36\u7684\u5169\u540d\u59bb\u5b50\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e8c\u5341\u5999\u9f61\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5224\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4e3b\u5f35\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4fdd\u8b77\u7bc4\u570d\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u5916\u8868\u6deb\u7a62\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u9019\u4e9b\u8272\u60c5\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u5c0d\u5b69\u7ae5\u7684\u6bd2\u5bb3\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u9032\u5165\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u8d85\u7d1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u300d\u4e00\u8a00\u4e5d\u9f0e\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u65e5\u6f38\u51f8\u986f\u3002\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u7279\uff08Felix Frankfurter\uff09\u627f\u8a8d\uff1a\u300c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u884c\u4f7f\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u662f\u5be1\u982d\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u56e0\u5176\u81ea\u8a61\u670d\u52d9\u65bc\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u65bc\u6210\u70ba\u5be1\u982d\u3002\u300d\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u627f\u8972\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e6b\u52a9\u6307\u5c0e\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u9577\u671f\u7684\u300c\u50f9\u503c\u554f\u984c\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u5c0d\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5982\u963f\u5947\u535a\u723e\u5fb7\u00b7\u8003\u514b\u65af\uff08Archibald Cox\uff09\u5728\u300a\u6cd5\u9662\u8207\u61b2\u6cd5\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u6240\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u7d93\u5e38\u5f62\u5851\u6211\u5011\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u9032\u7a0b\u3002\u300d\u6beb\u4e0d\u8a87\u5f35\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u4e00\u500b\u5e1d\u738b\u822c\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u6a5f\u69cb\u300d\u8207\u300c\u53f8\u6cd5\u6a5f\u69cb\u7d71\u6cbb\u300d\u5df2\u7136\u547c\u4e4b\u617e\u51fa\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u5834\u548c\u89c0\u5ff5\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0a\u7684\u5de6\u53f3\u4e4b\u722d\uff0c\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u9ad4\u73fe\u70ba\uff1a\u539f\u65e8\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6cd5\u5b78\u8207\u80fd\u52d5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6cd5\u5b78\u4e4b\u722d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u53f8\u6cd5\u514b\u5236\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u53f8\u6cd5\u64f4\u5f35\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u722d\u3002\u6216\u66f4\u76f4\u767d\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u662f\u5fe0\u65bc\u61b2\u6cd5\uff08\u7acb\u61b2\u8005\u4e4b\u9858\u610f\uff09\u9084\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u5275\u88fd\u61b2\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u7528\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u5b78\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u985e\u6bd4\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u6211\u6ce8\u516d\u7d93\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u516d\u7d93\u6ce8\u6211\uff1f\u800c\u7528\u6cd5\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u806f\u90a6\u6cd5\u5b98\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u535a\u514b\uff08Robert H. Bork\uff09\u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u68df\u5927\u6a13\u4e2d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5011\uff0c\u6240\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7684\u662f\u5169\u7a2e\u8fe5\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\uff1a\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u300c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u5236\u61b2\u8005\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u2014\u2014\u9019\u4e9b\u50f9\u503c\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8a9e\u5883\u6240\u9650\u5b9a\u2014\u2014\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u300c\u5275\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u61b2\u6cd5\u6b0a\u5229\u300d\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u65b0\u653f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u7121\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u96f7\u6839\u7576\u9078\u7e3d\u7d71\u4ee5\u4f86\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u591a\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u57f7\u653f\u7684\u6642\u9593\u6bd4\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u9577\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u7e3d\u7d71\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u591a\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u7e3d\u7d71\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u9019\u56db\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u88e1\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u7684\u67ef\u6797\u9813\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u9732\u7d72\u00b7\u91d1\u65af\u5821\u548c\u5e03\u96f7\u8036\uff08Stephen Gerald Breyer\uff09\u5169\u540d\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff1b\u6b50\u5df4\u99ac\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u7d22\u5c3c\u5a6d\u00b7\u7d22\u6258\u746a\u7d04\uff08Sonia Sotomayor\uff09\u548c\u827e\u857e\u5a1c\u00b7\u5361\u6839\uff08Elena Kagan\uff09\u5169\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5973\u6027\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7a7a\u524d\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u4e09\u4eba\u4e4b\u591a\uff1b\u62dc\u767b\u5247\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u975e\u88d4\u5973\u6027\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u51f1\u5766\u5409\u00b7\u5e03\u6717\u00b7\u5091\u514b\u68ee\uff08Ketanji Brown Jackson\uff09\u63a5\u66ff\u9000\u4f11\u7684\u5e03\u96f7\u8036\uff08\u5e03\u96f7\u8036\u9000\u4f11\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u6c72\u53d6\u4e86\u91d1\u65af\u5821\u62d2\u4e0d\u9000\u4f11\u3001\u53bb\u4e16\u5f8c\u5176\u7e7c\u4efb\u8005\u7684\u4efb\u547d\u6b0a\u537b\u843d\u5230\u5ddd\u666e\u624b\u4e0a\u7684\u6559\u8a13\uff09\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u6bb5\u5167\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u7684\u96f7\u6839\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u6b50\u5eb7\u7d0d\uff08Sandra Day O’Connor\uff09\u3001\u53f2\u5361\u5229\u4e9e\u3001\u5b89\u6771\u5c3c\u00b7\u7518\u8ffa\u8fea\u4e09\u4f4d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff1b\u8001\u5e03\u5e0c\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u8607\u7279\uff08David Hackett Souter\uff09\u548c\u6e6f\u746a\u65af\u5169\u4f4d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff1b\u5c0f\u5e03\u5e0c\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u5c0f\u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u7f85\u4f2f\u8328\uff08John Glover Roberts, Jr.\uff09\u548c\u963f\u5229\u6258\u5169\u4f4d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff1b\u5ddd\u666e\u7e3d\u7d71\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u6208\u8607\u5947\u3001\u5361\u74e6\u8afe\u548c\u5df4\u857e\u7279\u4e09\u4f4d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u82e5\u4ee5\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u4efb\u671f\uff08\u4ed6\u5011\u8981\u9ebc\u56e0\u5e74\u8001\u9ad4\u8870\u81ea\u9858\u9000\u4f11\uff0c\u8981\u9ebc\u5728\u4efb\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e16\uff09\u800c\u8ad6\uff0c\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u65b0\u653f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\uff1a<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f11\u65af\u6cd5\u9662\uff08\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u3007\u5e74\u81f3\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e00\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u4f11\u65af\u662f\u80e1\u4f5b\uff08Herbert Clark Hoover\uff09\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u50be\u5411\u4fdd\u5b88\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u5176\u4efb\u671f\u6db5\u84cb\u80e1\u4f5b\u53ca\u5c0f\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7e3d\u7d71\u4efb\u671f\u3002\u5728\u5176\u524d\u671f\uff0c\u4f11\u65af\u6cd5\u9662\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u8207\u5c0f\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u6297\u8861\uff0c\u634d\u885b\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5c0d\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u5176\u5f8c\u671f\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u5c0f\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u58d3\u529b\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4eba\u6578\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f11\u65af\u6cd5\u9662\u5411\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u653f\u5e9c\u639b\u51fa\u767d\u65d7\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5176\u65b0\u653f\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65af\u901a\uff08Harlan Fiske Stone\uff09\u6cd5\u9662\uff08\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e00\u5e74\u81f3\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u516d\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u6587\u68ee\uff08Frederick Moore Vinson\uff09\u6cd5\u9662\uff08\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u516d\u5e74\u81f3\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e09\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u4f11\u65af\u9000\u4f11\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0f\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u4efb\u547d\u65af\u901a\u70ba\u5176\u7e7c\u4efb\u8005\u3002\u65af\u901a\u65bc\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u516d\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u53ea\u6bd4\u5c0f\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u591a\u6d3b\u4e86\u5169\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4efb\u50c5\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u64d4\u4efb\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u6642\u9593\u6700\u77ed\u8005\u3002\u675c\u9b6f\u9580\uff08Harry S. Truman\uff09\u7e7c\u800c\u4efb\u547d\u6587\u68ee\u70ba\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u6587\u68ee\u5728\u4efb\u4e03\u5e74\u5f8c\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u65af\u901a\u548c\u6587\u68ee\u5728\u4efb\u6642\u9593\u5747\u4e0d\u9577\uff0c\u4e14\u5c0f\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5360\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\uff0c\u5176\u5224\u6c7a\u5927\u81f4\u50be\u5411\u5de6\u6d3e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u5c07\u5169\u500b\u6cd5\u9662\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65af\u901a\u6cd5\u9662\u6700\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u4f0a\u5149\u8a34\u5408\u773e\u570b\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u5c0d\u65e5\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u758f\u6563\u300d\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u7f85\u65af\u798f\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e8c\u5e74\u767c\u5e03\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5e73\u6c11\u9a45\u9010\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c07\u300c\u6240\u6709\u5177\u6709\u65e5\u672c\u8840\u7d71\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u672c\u570b\u4eba\u9084\u662f\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u300d\u96c6\u4e2d\u95dc\u62bc\u5728\u300c\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u8d85\u904e\u5341\u4e00\u842c\u5169\u5343\u540d\u5177\u6709\u65e5\u672c\u8840\u7d71\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6216\u5c45\u6c11\u88ab\u95dc\u62bc\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u71df\u76f4\u81f3\u6230\u722d\u7d50\u675f\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c83\u502b\u6cd5\u9662\uff08\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e09\u5e74\u81f3\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e5d\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\uff08Dwight David Eisenhower\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e09\u5e74\u4efb\u547d\u6c83\u502b\u70ba\u9996\u5e2d\u6cd5\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u6c83\u502b\u8077\u638c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u9577\u9054\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff0c\u6a6b\u8de8\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u3001\u7518\u8ffa\u8fea\u3001\u8a79\u68ee\u548c\u5c3c\u514b\u68ee\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u3002\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u6975\u529b\u63d0\u540d\u6c83\u502b\uff0c\u4ed6\u300c\u5805\u4fe1\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5e7e\u5e74\u88e1\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5df2\u53d7\u5230\u56b4\u91cd\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u8981\u6062\u5fa9\u5176\u5c0a\u56b4\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4efb\u547d\u5168\u570b\u6027\u8072\u671b\u3001\u5fe0\u8aa0\u6b63\u76f4\u3001\u65e2\u719f\u6089\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u624d\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u9032\u5165\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u5c07\u6c83\u502b\u770b\u6210\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6c83\u502b\u4e26\u4e0d\u300c\u6301\u6709\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u5ff5\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u6301\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5eb8\u5e73\u548c\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u7acb\u4e0b\u8a93\u8a00\uff0c\u300c\u5982\u679c\u5168\u9ad4\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u90fd\u4e0d\u8d0a\u6210\u300d\u8a72\u63d0\u540d\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u5c07\u812b\u96e2\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\uff0c\u7d44\u7e54\u4e00\u6279\u771f\u624d\u5be6\u5e79\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u65b0\u9ee8\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u9019\u500b\u9ee8\u6709\u591a\u5c0f\u300d\u3002\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u72af\u4e0b\u81f4\u547d\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u6c83\u502b\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7acb\u5834\u6700\u50be\u5411\u5de6\u6d3e\u548c\u6fc0\u9032\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002\u5b89\u6771\u5c3c\u00b7\u5289\u6613\u65af\u8a55\u8ad6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u771f\u662f\u7d55\u5999\u7684\u8af7\u523a\uff0c\u5c07\u6d88\u6975\u884c\u52d5\u4e0a\u5347\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u539f\u5247\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u7e3d\u7d71\u2026\u2026\u5c45\u7136\u6703\u4efb\u547d\u4e00\u4f4d\u8a8d\u70ba\u884c\u52d5\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002\u300d\u8a79\u68ee\u7684\u526f\u7e3d\u7d71\u4f11\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6f22\u5f17\u840a\uff08Hubert Horatio Humphrey, Jr.\uff09\u8af7\u523a\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u300c\u9664\u4e86\u4efb\u547d\u6c83\u502b\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e4b\u5916\u5225\u7121\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5c07\u6703\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5360\u64da\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u300d\u3002\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u5f8c\u4f86\u627f\u8a8d\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u6240\u72af\u7684\u6700\u611a\u8822\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u300d<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c83\u502b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u8aa4\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5ba3\u7a31\u300c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u5632\u5f04\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a38\u7d20\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff1a\u6bcd\u6027\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u570b\u65d7\u4ee5\u53ca\u8af8\u5982\u6b64\u985e\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u8b93\u4ed6\u8ddf\u6b64\u5f8c\u66f4\u6fc0\u9032\u3001\u66f4\u53cd\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5de6\u6d3e\u62c9\u958b\u4e86\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002\u5728\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u88ab\u5de6\u6d3e\u6253\u5012\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c83\u502b\u4e00\u5c31\u4efb\uff0c\u5c31\u5ba3\u7a31\u7ad9\u5728\u8b8a\u5316\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f15\u5c0e\u61b2\u6cd5\u300c\u9069\u61c9\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u8b8a\u5316\u300d\u2014\u2014\u61b2\u6cd5\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u624b\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u62ff\u634f\u7684\u9eb5\u5718\u3002\u4ed6\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u5c0d\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u6709\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u300c\u76f4\u89ba\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u9022\u8fce\u300c\u4e3b\u6d41\u6c11\u610f\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u90a3\u7a2e\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u5c0e\u5411\u300d\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u5178\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5be9\u7406\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7aed\u529b\u904b\u7528\u5176\u6b0a\u529b\u5be6\u73fe\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u6b63\u78ba\u300d\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6c83\u502b\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u300c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f9e\u5148\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6c72\u53d6\u751f\u547d\u529b\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u300c\u672c\u6cd5\u9662\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u9662\u90fd\u61c9\u7576\u5c07\u5176\u8077\u4f4d\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u767c\u63ee\u81f3\u6975\u9650\u300d\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u300c\u539f\u5247\u6bd4\u5148\u4f8b\u91cd\u8981\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u60dc\u63a8\u7ffb\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u8655\u2014\u2014\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u7576\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u8a66\u5716\u63a8\u7ffb\u7f85\u4f0a\u6848\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u653b\u64ca\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u5148\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u8981\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\u6642\uff0c\u537b\u5f9e\u4e0d\u7336\u8c6b\u548c\u624b\u8edf\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f2f\u683c\u6cd5\u9662\uff08\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e5d\u5e74\u81f3\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516d\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u6c83\u502b\u9000\u4f11\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c3c\u514b\u68ee\u4efb\u547d\u4f2f\u683c\u70ba\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u4f2f\u683c\u64d4\u4efb\u6b64\u8077\u9577\u9054\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff0c\u6a6b\u8de8\u5c3c\u514b\u68ee\u3001\u798f\u7279\u548c\u96f7\u6839\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u3002\u4f2f\u683c\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u516d\u5e74\u51fa\u4efb\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u7279\u5340\u806f\u90a6\u4e0a\u8a34\u6cd5\u9662\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u7372\u5f97\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u540d\u8072\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7dad\u8b77\u300c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8207\u79e9\u5e8f\u300d\u4e0a\u6301\u5f37\u786c\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u66fe\u4ee5\u8f15\u8511\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u8a55\u8ad6\u6c83\u502b\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u5224\u6c7a\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4f2f\u683c\u5c31\u4efb\u5f8c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u662f\u5c11\u6578\u6d3e\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u63a8\u52d5\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8b70\u7a0b\u537b\u52d5\u5f48\u4e0d\u5f97\u3002\u4e94\u500b\u6240\u8b02\u4e2d\u9593\u504f\u5de6\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7262\u7262\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u5373\u5e03\u840a\u514b\u8499\uff08Harry Andrew Blackmun\uff09\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u6211\u5011\u4e94\u500b\u4eba\u300d\u2014\u2014\u9664\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e4b\u5916\u9084\u6709\u65af\u5716\u723e\u7279\uff08Potter Stewart\uff09\u3001\u61f7\u7279\uff08Byron White\uff09\u3001\u9b91\u5a01\u723e\uff08Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr.\uff09\u3001\u53f2\u8482\u6587\u65af\uff08John Paul Stevens\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u5e03\u502b\u5357\uff08William Joseph Brennan\uff09\u548c\u99ac\u6b47\u723e\uff08Thurgood Marshall\uff09\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u662f\u5de6\u6d3e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5e03\u502b\u5357\u4ee5\u6c83\u502b\u907a\u7522\u7684\u5b88\u8b77\u795e\u81ea\u5c45\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684\u5b88\u8b77\u795e\uff09\u3002\u4f2f\u683c\u5728\u521d\u671f\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u5b64\u8ecd\u596e\u6230\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u502b\u594e\u65af\u7279\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f2f\u683c\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u6574\u500b\u8a18\u9304\u300c\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u52d5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u300d\u3002\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5011\u300c\u5728\u9032\u884c\u5224\u6c7a\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u89ba\u5730\u95dc\u6ce8\u9019\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u9069\u7576\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u80fd\u52d5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u300d\u3002\u4f2f\u683c\u7121\u529b\u6539\u8b8a\u6c83\u502b\u6642\u4ee3\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6163\u6027\uff0c\u300c\u4f2f\u683c\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u77f3\u854a\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u984f\u8272\u548c\u5176\u524d\u4efb\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e00\u6a23\u300d\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u502b\u594e\u65af\u7279\u6cd5\u9662\uff08\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516d\u5e74\u81f3\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u4e94\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u4f2f\u683c\u9000\u4f11\u5f8c\uff0c\u96f7\u6839\u4efb\u547d\u502b\u594e\u65af\u7279\u70ba\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002\u502b\u594e\u65af\u7279\u64d4\u4efb\u6b64\u8077\u9577\u9054\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4efb\u8077\u6700\u9577\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u4efb\u671f\u6a6b\u8de8\u96f7\u6839\u3001\u8001\u5e03\u5e0c\u3001\u67ef\u6797\u9813\u3001\u5c0f\u5e03\u5e0c\u4e4b\u4efb\u671f\u3002\u5c31\u9996\u5e2d\u6cd5\u6cd5\u5b98\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5f9e\u672a\u64c1\u6709\u7a69\u5b9a\u591a\u6578\u4e4b\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u502b\u594e\u65af\u7279\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5b51\u7136\u800c\u7acb\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u6536\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u52a9\u7406\u9001\u7684\u7368\u884c\u9a0e\u5175\u73a9\u5177\uff0c\u52a9\u7406\u5011\u5f62\u5bb9\u8001\u95c6\u662f\u300c\u5b64\u7368\u7684\u7570\u8b70\u8005\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u6210\u70ba\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c07\u300c\u53eb\u505c\u6c83\u502b\u6cd5\u9662\u6642\u4ee3\u78ba\u7acb\u7684\u7c60\u7d71\u7684\u539f\u5247\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u53eb\u505c\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u7ffb\u8f49\u6c83\u502b\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6cd5\u54f2\u5b78\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e00\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\uff0c\u6e6f\u746a\u65af\u9032\u5165\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u7e3d\u7d71\u5df2\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u516b\u500b\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002\u61f7\u7279\u6210\u70ba\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5167\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u61f7\u7279\u4e5f\u65e5\u8da8\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u540c\u50da\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u4e0d\u8d0a\u540c\u7f85\u4f0a\u6848\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7f85\u4f0a\u6848\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u771f\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u63a8\u7ffb\u7f85\u4f0a\u6848\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6642\u6a5f\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u662f\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e8c\u5e74\u6625\u5929\u3002\u4f46\u4f5c\u70ba\u63a8\u7ffb\u7f85\u4f0a\u6848\u524d\u594f\u66f2\u7684\u51f1\u897f\u6848\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5931\u6557\u4e86\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u591a\u6578\u76f8\u7576\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u4f4d\u6216\u591a\u4f4d\u6210\u54e1\u8b8a\u7bc0\u3002\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u806f\u76df\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u6d3e\u5225\u2014\u2014\u7531\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u548c\u53f2\u5361\u5229\u4e9e\u3001\u6e6f\u746a\u65af\u4e09\u4eba\u7d44\u6210\u5805\u5b9a\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\uff0c\u5fe0\u5be6\u5c65\u884c\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u77ef\u6b63\u6c83\u502b\u548c\u4f2f\u683c\u6cd5\u9662\u300c\u904e\u5ea6\u884c\u70ba\u300d\u7684\u8b70\u7a0b\u8868\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u63a8\u7ffb\u7f85\u4f0a\u6848\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u6d3e\u7531\u5967\u5eb7\u7d0d\u3001\u7518\u8ffa\u8fea\u548c\u8607\u7279\uff08\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u5de6\u50be\uff09\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u300c\u6eab\u548c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u300d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u5c0a\u91cd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5c31\u662f\u5c0a\u91cd\u5148\u4f8b\u300d\uff0c\u62d2\u7d55\u9075\u7167\u502b\u594e\u65af\u7279\u4e00\u6d3e\u6295\u7968\u5426\u6c7a\u7f85\u4f0a\u6848\u6642\u6240\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u9032\u8def\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f85\u4f2f\u8328\u6cd5\u9662\uff08\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u4e94\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\uff09\u3002\u502b\u594e\u65af\u7279\u53bb\u4e16\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0f\u5e03\u5e0c\u4efb\u547d\u5c0f\u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u7f85\u4f2f\u8328\u70ba\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002\u5728\u5ddd\u666e\u7e3d\u7d71\u4efb\u547d\u4e09\u540d\u300c\u6eab\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u300d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5de6\u6d3e\u5728\u7f85\u4f2f\u8328\u6cd5\u9662\u5360\u4e0a\u98a8\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u5c31\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u9593\u901a\u904e\u3002\u5ddd\u666e\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u4e09\u540d\u65b0\u7684\u50be\u5411\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u4e09\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u6416\u64fa\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u60c5\u52e2\u4ecd\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6a02\u89c0\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8cfc\u66f8\u93c8\u63a5\uff1a<\/mark><\/strong>https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/0011000867?sloc=main<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u6350\u6b3e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong>\uff08\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\u60a8\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u7535\u90ae\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u5bc4\u9001\u6536\u636e\uff09\uff1a
1\uff09Zelle: nacr2021@gmail.com
2\uff09PayPal: PayPal.me\/NAConservative1<\/a>
3\uff09\u652f\u7968\u62ac\u5934\uff1aNACR \u5730\u5740\uff1a1951 McConnor Blvd, #59169 Schaumburg\uff0cIL 60159<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u656c\u8bf7\u8ba2\u9605:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bc4\u8bba – YouTube<\/strong>\u65b0\u9891\u9053\u300b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCXD6cjPFfBLlQMlSJi6h_6g<\/a>
\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bc4\u8bba – Rumble<\/span><\/strong>\u9891\u9053<\/span>\u300b:<\/span><\/strong> https:\/\/rumble.com\/user\/NACR2021<\/a>
\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b<\/strong>\u7535\u62a5(Telegram)\u65f6\u8bc4\u6587\u7ae0\u9891\u9053\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/t.me\/NAconservative<\/a>
\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b<\/strong>\u7535\u62a5(Telegram)\u7ffb\u8bd1\u89c6\u9891\u9891\u9053\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/t.me\/VIDEOSBYNACR<\/a>
\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b<\/strong>\u7535\u62a5(Telegram)\u4ea4\u6d41\u7fa4\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/t.me\/+92XsKo9C-upmZTRh<\/a>
\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b<\/strong>\u63a8\u7279(Twitter)\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/naconservative9<\/a>
\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b<\/strong>\u8138 \u4e66(Facebook)\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/100052658047986<\/a>
\u300a\u5317\u7f8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bc4\u8bba\u300bGab: <\/span><\/strong>@NACR \uff1a<\/mark>https:\/\/gab.com\/NACR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5ddd\u666e\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u793e\u4ea4\uff08TruthSocial\uff09<\/span>\uff1ahttps:\/\/truthsocial.com\/@NACR<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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